Die Grundprinzipien der plastic
Die Grundprinzipien der plastic
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Wer sind die Treiber für die immer weiter steigende Produktion von Plastik zumal welche Lösungsansätze sind sinnvoll zumal realistisch?
In some cases, this can involve mixing different types of plastic together to form a polymer blend, such as high impact polystyrene. Large companies may do their own compounding prior to production, but some producers have it done by a third party. Companies that specialize in this work are known as Compounders.
Engineering plastics are more robust and are used to make products such as vehicle parts, building and construction materials, and some machine parts. Rein some cases they are polymer blends formed by mixing different plastics together (ABS, HIPS etc.
Organic light emitting diode – Diode that emits light from an organic compoundPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Plastic compounding scheme for a thermosoftening material Plastic is not sold as a pure unadulterated substance, but is instead mixed with various chemicals and other materials, which are collectively known as additives. These are added during the compounding stage and include substances such as stabilizers, plasticizers and dyes, which are intended to improve the lifespan, workability or appearance of the final item.
A number of additives identified as hazardous to humans and/or the environment are regulated internationally. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact hinein the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate rein the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.[2]
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The success and dominance of plastics starting in the early 20th century has caused widespread environmental problems,[3] due to their slow decomposition Tarif rein natural ecosystems. Most plastic produced has not been reused, or is incapable of reuse, either being captured in landfills or persisting hinein the environment as plastic pollution and microplastics.
Because the chemical structure of most plastics renders them durable, they are resistant to many natural degradation processes. Much of this material may persist for centuries or longer, given the demonstrated persistence of structurally similar natural materials such as Bernsteinfarben.
Plasticity also has a technical definition in materials science outside the scope of this article referring to the non-reversible change hinein form of solid substances.
To customize the properties of a plastic, different molecular groups called side chains hang from this backbone; they are usually hung from the monomers before the monomers themselves are linked together to form the polymer chain. The structure of these side chains influences the properties of the polymer.
Plastic pollution can Beryllium found rein all the world's major water bodies, for example, creating garbage patches rein all of the world's oceans and contaminating terrestrial ecosystems. Of all the plastic discarded so far, some 14% has been incinerated and less than 10% has been recycled.[2]
The compounding of thermosetting plastic is relatively straightforward; as it remains liquid until it is cured into its final form. For thermosoftening materials, which are used to make the majority of products, it is necessary to melt the plastic in order to mix-hinein the additives.
Microbial species capable of degrading plastics are known to science, some of which are potentially useful for disposal of certain classes of plastic waste.
Additives can also Beryllium problematic if waste is burned, especially when burning is uncontrolled or takes place rein low- technology incinerators, as is common rein many developing countries. Incomplete combustion can cause emissions of hazardous substances such as Lsd gases and ash which can contain persistent organic pollutants plastic surgery Sacramento (POPs) such as dioxins.[2]